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Getting Started as an Autónomo in Spain

Starting a business in Spain can feel overwhelming because several government agencies are involved, and the order matters. This page is your starting point.

💡 Get your Certificado Digital first

It isn't a legal requirement, but it makes most government procedures much easier — most can be completed online once you have it.

Step-by-Step Checklist​

1. Get your padrón​

Many government procedures require proof of your local address. Registration is done through your local Ayuntamiento (town hall).

2. Obtain your NIE (and TIE if applicable)​

Your NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero) is your permanent identification number for all official transactions in Spain.

  • EU citizens: Receive a green registration certificate

  • Non-EU citizens: Also need a TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero), the physical residency card that carries your NIE

  • National Police — NIE Application

3. Obtain a Certificado Digital​

Issued by Spain's National Mint (FNMT), this allows you to complete most government procedures online. Once you have it, install it in your browser and you can log in to AEAT, Social Security (Importass), and other portals directly — no queuing, no appointments for most standard procedures. Your gestor may also ask you to share it so they can act on your behalf.

4. Register your business activity with AEAT​

File Modelo 036 or Modelo 037 with Spain's Tax Agency to establish your tax obligations.

5. Register with Social Security (RETA)​

Once registered with AEAT, register as self-employed with Spain's Social Security system.

🚩 Register on time — don't delay

Registering with both AEAT and Social Security promptly when you begin your activity is required to qualify for the tarifa plana — the reduced Social Security flat rate (currently €85/month) available to first-time autónomos for the first 12 months. Late registration can disqualify you from this discount. See the Social Security page for details.

6. Set up your bookkeeping and invoicing process​

Many people start with a gestor — it's worth the cost early on. See the Professional Services page for pricing guidance.

Every person's situation is different depending on citizenship, visa or residency status, and business type. Refer to individual topics in the Knowledge Base for more detail.

Last updated September 2026.